types:
pteridofita
plants having vascular tissue and reproducing by spores
fanerógamo
plant that reproduces by means of seeds not spores
planta herbácea
a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests
planta carnosa
a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs
mala hierba
any plant that crowds out cultivated plants
planta caduca
a plant having foliage that is shed annually at the end of the growing season
cepa,
parra,
vid
a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface
planta leñosa
a plant having hard lignified tissues or woody parts especially stems
geófito
a perennial plant that propagates by underground bulbs or tubers or corms
planta xerófila
plant adapted for life with a limited supply of water; compare hydrophyte and mesophyte
mesófita
land plant growing in surroundings having an average supply of water; compare xerophyte and hydrophyte
planta acuática
a plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinth
helecho
any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores
bálsamo
any seed plant yielding balsam
gimnospermo
plants of the class Gymnospermae having seeds not enclosed in an ovary
clemátide
any of various ornamental climbing plants of the genus Clematis usually having showy flowers
meliloto
erect annual or biennial plant grown extensively especially for hay and soil improvement
trébol
a plant of the genus Trifolium
yaro
any plant of the family Araceae; have small flowers massed on a spadix surrounded by a large spathe
aralia
any of various plants of the genus Aralia; often aromatic plants having compound leaves and small umbellate flowers
cazuz,
hiedra,
yedra
Old World vine with lobed evergreen leaves and black berrylike fruits
amaranto
any of various plants of the genus Amaranthus having dense plumes of green or red flowers; often cultivated for food
cenizo
any of various weeds of the genus Chenopodium having small greenish flowers
buganvilla
any of several South American ornamental woody vines of the genus Bougainvillea having brilliant red or purple flower bracts; widely grown in warm regions
cacto,
cactus
any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines
crucífera
any of various plants of the family Cruciferae
rábano picante
coarse Eurasian plant cultivated for its thick white pungent root
jaramago
stiffly branching Old World annual with pale yellow flowers; widely naturalized in North America; formerly used medicinally
ambrosía
any of numerous chiefly North American weedy plants constituting the genus Ambrosia that produce highly allergenic pollen responsible for much hay fever and asthma
árnica
any of various rhizomatous usually perennial plants of the genus Arnica
abrojo,
cardo
any of numerous plants of the family Compositae and especially of the genera Carduus and Cirsium and Onopordum having prickly-edged leaves
camamila,
camomila,
manzanilla
Eurasian plant with apple-scented foliage and white-rayed flowers and feathery leaves used medicinally; in some classification systems placed in genus Anthemis
lechuga
any of various plants of the genus Lactuca
piretro
white-flowered pyrethrum of Balkan area whose pinnate leaves are white and silky-hairy below; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
amargón,
colleja,
diente de león
any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls
salsifí
Mediterranean biennial herb with long-stemmed heads of purple ray flowers and milky sap and long edible root; naturalized throughout United States
uña
perennial herb with large rounded leaves resembling a colt's foot and yellow flowers appearing before the leaves do; native to Europe but now nearly cosmopolitan; used medicinally especially formerly
campanilla,
campánula
any of various plants of the genus Campanula having blue or white bell-shaped flowers
ñame
any of a number of tropical vines of the genus Dioscorea many having edible tuberous roots
amarillo claro,
primavera,
prímula
any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads
pimpinela
any of several plants of the genus Anagallis
plombagina
any plumbaginaceous plant of the genus Plumbago
gramínea
cosmopolitan herbaceous or woody plants with hollow jointed stems and long narrow leaves
herbaje,
pasto
succulent herbaceous vegetation of pasture land
calabaza
any vine of the family Cucurbitaceae that bears fruits with hard rinds
lobelia
any plant or flower of the genus Lobelia
vegetal
any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower
galaxia
tufted evergreen perennial herb having spikes of tiny white flowers and glossy green round to heart-shaped leaves that become coppery to maroon or purplish in fall
onagra
any of several plants of the family Onagraceae
cañacoro
any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers
banana,
bananero,
banano,
cambur,
platanero,
plátano
any of several tropical and subtropical treelike herbs of the genus Musa having a terminal crown of large entire leaves and usually bearing hanging clusters of elongated fruits
jengibre
perennial plants having thick branching aromatic rhizomes and leafy reedlike stems
cúrcuma
widely cultivated tropical plant of India having yellow flowers and a large aromatic deep yellow rhizome; source of a condiment and a yellow dye
cardamomo
rhizomatous herb of India having aromatic seeds used as seasoning
viola
any of the numerous plants of the genus Viola
ortiga
any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae)
cabriola,
lúpulo
twining perennials having cordate leaves and flowers arranged in conelike spikes; the dried flowers of this plant are used in brewing to add the characteristic bitter taste to beer
amarilis
bulbous plant having showy white to reddish flowers
narciso
bulbous plant having erect linear leaves and showy yellow or white flowers either solitary or in clusters
acíbar,
aloe,
áloe
succulent plants having rosettes of leaves usually with fiber like hemp and spikes of showy flowers; found chiefly in Africa
aspidistra
evergreen perennial with large handsome basal leaves; grown primarily as a foliage houseplant
zarzaparrilla
any of various prickly climbing plants of the tropical American genus Smilax having aromatic roots and heart-shaped leaves
agave,
cabuya,
pita
tropical American plants with basal rosettes of fibrous sword-shaped leaves and flowers in tall spikes; some cultivated for ornament or for fiber
chufa
a North American vine with fragrant blossoms and edible tubers; important food crop of Native Americans
astrágalo
any of various plants of the genus Astragalus
añil
any of several plants of the genus Baptisia
regaliz
deep-rooted coarse-textured plant native to the Mediterranean region having blue flowers and pinnately compound leaves; widely cultivated in Europe for its long thick sweet roots
altramuz,
chocho,
lupino
any plant of the genus Lupinus; bearing erect spikes of usually purplish-blue flowers
esparceta,
pipirigallo
Eurasian perennial herb having pale pink flowers and curved pods; naturalized in Britain and North America grasslands on calcareous soils; important forage crop and source of honey in Britain
glicina
any flowering vine of the genus Wisteria
ruibarbo
plants having long green or reddish acidic leafstalks growing in basal clumps; stems (and only the stems) are edible when cooked; leaves are poisonous
acedera,
romaza
any of certain coarse weedy plants with long taproots, sometimes used as table greens or in folk medicine
náyade
submerged aquatic plant having narrow leaves and small flowers; of fresh or brackish water
pimpinela
European garden herb with purple-tinged flowers and leaves that are sometimes used for salads
cuajaleche
any of several plants of the genus Galium
carda,
cardencha,
escobilla
any of several herbs of the genus Dipsacus native to the Old World having flower heads surrounded by spiny bracts
celidonia
North American annual plant with usually yellow or orange flowers; grows chiefly on wet rather acid soil
geranio
any of numerous plants of the family Geraniaceae
ruda
European strong-scented perennial herb with grey-green bitter-tasting leaves; an irritant similar to poison ivy
capuchina
any tropical American plant of the genus Tropaeolum having pungent juice and long-spurred yellow to red flowers
saxífraga
any of various plants of the genus Saxifraga
flox
any polemoniaceous plant of the genus Phlox; chiefly North American; cultivated for their clusters of flowers
acanto
any plant of the genus Acanthus having large spiny leaves and spikes or white or purplish flowers; native to Mediterranean region but widely cultivated
borraja
hairy blue-flowered European annual herb long used in herbal medicine and eaten raw as salad greens or cooked like spinach
convólvulo
any of numerous plants of the genus Convolvulus
correhuela,
enredadera
any of several vines of the genera Convolvulus and Calystegia having a twining habit
campanilla,
ipomea
any of various twining vines having funnel-shaped flowers that close late in the day
poleo
erect hairy branching American herb having purple-blue flowers; yields an essential oil used as an insect repellent and sometimes in folk medicine
marrubio
any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Marrubium
menta
any north temperate plant of the genus Mentha with aromatic leaves and small mauve flowers
ajedrea
dwarf aromatic shrub of Mediterranean regions
albahaca
any of several Old World tropical aromatic annual or perennial herbs of the genus Ocimum
romero
widely cultivated for its fragrant grey-green leaves used in cooking and in perfumery
ajedrea
any of several aromatic herbs or subshrubs of the genus Satureja having spikes of flowers attractive to bees
tomillo
any of various mints of the genus Thymus
ajonjolí,
sésamo
East Indian annual erect herb; source of sesame seed or benniseed and sesame oil
candelaria,
gordolobo
any of various plants of the genus Verbascum having large usually woolly leaves and terminal spikes of yellow or white or purplish flowers
verónica
plant of wet places in Eurasia and America
berenjena
hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable
patata
annual native to South America having underground stolons bearing edible starchy tubers; widely cultivated as a garden vegetable; vines are poisonous
belladona
perennial Eurasian herb with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries; extensively grown in United States; roots and leaves yield atropine
beleño
poisonous fetid Old World herb having sticky hairy leaves and yellow-brown flowers; yields hyoscyamine and scopolamine
mandrágora
a plant of southern Europe and North Africa having purple flowers, yellow fruits and a forked root formerly thought to have magical powers
tabaco
aromatic annual or perennial herbs and shrubs
eneldo
aromatic Old World herb having aromatic threadlike foliage and seeds used as seasoning
angélica
any of various tall and stout herbs of the genus Angelica having pinnately compound leaves and small white or greenish flowers in compound umbels
apio
widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked
alcaravea
a Eurasian plant with small white flowers yielding caraway seed
zanahoria
perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions
hinojo
any of several aromatic herbs having edible seeds and leaves and stems
perejil
annual or perennial herb with aromatic leaves
lignosa
a category in some early taxonomies
árbol
a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
arbusto,
mata
a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems
uva
any of numerous woody vines of genus Vitis bearing clusters of edible berries
algodoncillo
any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts
soma
leafless East Indian vine; its sour milky juice formerly used to make an intoxicating drink